million gallons of estimated physical leakage
UTILITY PROFILE / CHATTOOGA
Chattooga County Water District
Chattooga County audit grouping. Ten-year reporting period: 2016–2025. Latest audit: 2025. Annual estimates help identify questions about infrastructure and spending.
What the utility reported
In 2025, Chattooga County Water District supplied 375.1 million gallons and reported 163.3 million gallons lost, or 43.5% of supply. That equals 447,500 gallons per day.
million gallons of apparent losses
gallons of physical leakage / connection / day
Physical leakage changed -2.9% since 2024, +90.0% since 2020 and +34.0% since 2016. Total losses changed +1.4% in the latest year. Changes in meters, methods or audit boundaries can affect reported trends.
Reported by the utility / calculated from the audit 2025 EPD compilation, worksheet “2025 Water Audits ”, row 47. Definitions.
What deserves a closer look
A long network and limited audit documentation
The district reported 300 miles of main and 3,595 connections, or 12.0 connections per mile. Use both loss per mile and per connection when comparing a sparse network.
The data-validity score is 51 out of 100. It describes audit input documentation and checking, not 51% numerical accuracy. Request current pipe inventories, production-meter verification, customer meter tests and billing reconciliation.
Physical and apparent losses over time
Reported water losses, 2016–2025
Compare the total gallons with the two types of loss. An apparent-loss revision can also change the residual physical estimate.
Interactive chart loading. Exact annual values are available in the table below and the source downloads.
Source: Georgia EPD annual compilations, 2016–2025. Missing observations remain missing. Figures are audit estimates; changed methods and inputs can affect the trend.
| Audit year | Supplied (MG) | Total loss (MG) | Physical (MG) | Apparent (MG) | Loss / supply | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 305.25 | 113.38 | 108.31 | 5.07 | 37.1% | 2016 EPD compilation, worksheet “2016”, row 48 |
| 2017 | 315.39 | 132.39 | 121.73 | 10.66 | 42.0% | 2017 EPD compilation, worksheet “Sheet1”, row 48 |
| 2018 | 318.59 | 121.20 | 109.75 | 11.46 | 38.0% | 2018 EPD compilation, worksheet “2018 Final”, row 47 |
| 2019 | 320.76 | 137.20 | 126.50 | 10.70 | 42.8% | 2019 EPD compilation, worksheet “2019 Water Audits”, row 47 |
| 2020 | 346.82 | 91.14 | 76.41 | 14.72 | 26.3% | 2020 EPD compilation, worksheet “Final Version”, row 46 |
| 2021 | 362.54 | 178.22 | 167.62 | 10.60 | 49.2% | 2021 EPD compilation, worksheet “Final”, row 46 |
| 2022 | 346.51 | 142.12 | 130.37 | 11.75 | 41.0% | 2022 EPD compilation, worksheet “Final”, row 46 |
| 2023 | 353.39 | 148.94 | 137.18 | 11.75 | 42.1% | 2023 EPD compilation, worksheet “2023 Water Loss Audits”, row 45 |
| 2024 | 362.46 | 161.05 | 149.47 | 11.58 | 44.4% | 2024 EPD compilation, worksheet “2024 Water Audits”, row 45 |
| 2025 | 375.10 | 163.34 | 145.15 | 18.18 | 43.5% | 2025 EPD compilation, worksheet “2025 Water Audits ”, row 47 |
Compare more than one measure
A physical service connection is not necessarily one home or one bill. Main length, pressure, density and input quality differ across systems.
Where its water came from
| 2025 supply item | Million gallons |
|---|---|
| Own sources | 365.681 |
| Imported from other systems | 13.852 |
| Exported to other systems | 4.438 |
| Adjusted net water supplied | 375.095 |
Net supply accounts for exports and source-meter adjustments. Raw own-source and import values may not sum directly to adjusted supply. These audits cannot trace a particular leaked gallon to a particular source.
Produced, imported and exported water, 2016–2025
Interactive chart loading. Exact annual values are available in the table below and the source downloads.
Source: Georgia EPD annual compilations, 2016–2025. Missing observations remain missing. Figures are audit estimates; changed methods and inputs can affect the trend.
Where every 100 gallons went
Billed use, legitimate unbilled use, apparent losses and estimated physical leakage add up to supplied water. Firefighting and flushing mains are authorized uses.
Calculated from the selected audit. Physical leakage is the residual after authorized use and apparent losses, not a measurement of every leak. Non-revenue water also includes legitimate unbilled use.
Costs and infrastructure decisions
| 2025 financial field | Reported value |
|---|---|
| Physical-loss valuation | $111,663 |
| Apparent-loss valuation | $114,445 |
| Total estimated loss valuation | $226,109 |
| Physical-loss valuation basis | VPC |
| Variable production cost ($ / MG) | $769 |
| Retail charge ($ / 1,000 gallons) | $6.29 |
| Reported annual operating expense | Not reported |
Physical leakage is typically valued at variable treatment, pumping and purchase costs. Apparent losses are usually valued at retail charges. The full valuation is not guaranteed savings. Project costs, fixed expenses and contract terms matter. Values are retained as filed; historical unit or basis changes limit comparison.
A loss-valuation/operating-expense ratio is withheld until the financial inputs and expense scope are reconciled. Dividing valuation by physical connections does not estimate an individual customer’s bill increase.
Reported physical and apparent loss valuations, 2016–2025
Interactive chart loading. Exact annual values are available in the table below and the source downloads.
Source: Georgia EPD annual compilations, 2016–2025. Missing observations remain missing. Figures are audit estimates; changed methods and inputs can affect the trend.
| Year | Production cost ($/MG) | Retail ($/1,000 gal) | Operating expense | Physical valuation | Apparent valuation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 263.54 | 6.10 | $1,465,074 | $660,666 | $30,935 |
| 2017 | 358.99 | 6.11 | $953,341 | $43,699 | $65,135 |
| 2018 | 472.86 | 8.21 | $738,267 | $51,894 | $94,080 |
| 2019 | 466.63 | 6.29 | $1,320,135 | $59,031 | $67,308 |
| 2020 | 454.10 | 5.26 | $1,515,891 | $34,698 | $77,449 |
| 2021 | 302.19 | 6.29 | Not reported | $50,653 | $66,652 |
| 2022 | 508.77 | 16.12 | Not reported | $66,328 | $189,462 |
| 2023 | 581.14 | 6.32 | Not reported | $79,723 | $74,296 |
| 2024 | 448.45 | 6.74 | Not reported | $67,028 | $78,096 |
| 2025 | 769.27 | 6.29 | Not reported | $111,663 | $114,445 |
ILLUSTRATIVE SCENARIO
What would a leakage reduction avoid?
Test an assumed reduction and an independently chosen avoidable cost. These are hypothetical variable expenses before repair and program costs. No future rate reduction is predicted.
The default $1 is an illustration, not a utility cost estimate. Include incremental operating costs when assessing a real program. Fixed labor, debt and contracted purchase minimums may remain.
Data quality and system characteristics
Audit data validity, 2016–2025
A score documents input practices and checking. It is not a numerical accuracy percentage or a water-safety grade.
Interactive chart loading. Exact annual values are available in the table below and the source downloads.
Source: Georgia EPD annual compilations, 2016–2025. Missing observations remain missing. Figures are audit estimates; changed methods and inputs can affect the trend.
| Year | Mains (mi) | Connections | Pressure (PSI) | Population | ILI / applicability | Software | Source flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 300.0 | 3,967 | 65 | 7,306 | 2.06 / True | AWWA v5 layout | Real losses valued at retail rate (CRUC), not production cost, so its dollar loss is not comparable |
| 2017 | 300.0 | 3,343 | 90 | 7,306 | 1.74 / True | AWWA v5 layout | Data validity score below 50 (EPD guidance p.9 threshold) |
| 2018 | 300.0 | 3,494 | 90 | 7,306 | 1.56 / True | AWWA v5 layout | No cleaned-workbook flag |
| 2019 | 300.0 | 3,533 | 90 | 7,800 | 1.79 / True | AWWA v5 layout | No cleaned-workbook flag |
| 2020 | 300.0 | 3,410 | 90 | 7,800 | 1.09 / True | AWWA v5 layout | No cleaned-workbook flag |
| 2021 | 300.0 | 3,460 | 90 | 7,800 | 2.38 / True | AWWA v6 layout | Data validity score below 50 (EPD guidance p.9 threshold) |
| 2022 | 300.0 | 3,460 | 90 | 7,800 | 1.85 / True | AWWA v6 layout | No cleaned-workbook flag |
| 2023 | 300.0 | 3,527 | 90 | 7,800 | 1.94 / True | AWWA v6 layout | No cleaned-workbook flag |
| 2024 | 300.0 | 3,539 | 90 | 7,800 | 2.11 / True | AWWA v6 layout | No cleaned-workbook flag |
| 2025 | 300.0 | 3,595 | 90 | 7,800 | 2.04 / True | AWWA v6 layout | No cleaned-workbook flag |
An unusual input warrants explanation, not automatic correction. The leakage index compares real losses with a theoretical reference based on pipes, connections and pressure. Respect applicability flags and inspect the underlying workbook before using it. How to evaluate audit quality.
Source footnotes and available audit comments
| Year | Source footnotes | Available compilation comments |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | billed_unmetered=Note 1; unbilled_metered=Note 1; rep_real_gal_conn_day=N/A | Volume from own sources; Customer retail unit cost (applied to Apparent Losses); Variable production cost (applied to Real Losses); Chattooga County Worksheet 2015.xls |
| 2017 | rep_real_gal_conn_day=N/A | Volume from own sources; Billed metered; Customer metering inaccuracies |
| 2018 | rep_real_gal_conn_day=N/A | Volume from own sources; Billed metered; Customer metering inaccuracies |
| 2019 | rep_real_gal_conn_day=N/A | Volume from own sources; Billed metered; Customer metering inaccuracies |
| 2020 | rep_real_gal_conn_day=N/A | Volume from own sources; Billed metered; Customer metering inaccuracies |
| 2021 | billed_unmetered=Note 1; unbilled_metered=Note 1; total_annual_operating_cost=Note 5 | Tier II (26-50); Volume from Own Sources (VOS); Customer Metering Inaccuracies (CMI); Length of Mains (Lm) |
| 2022 | billed_unmetered=Note 1; unbilled_metered=Note 1; total_annual_operating_cost=Note 5 | No extra compilation comment |
| 2023 | billed_unmetered=Note 1; unbilled_metered=Note 1; total_annual_operating_cost=Note 2 | No extra compilation comment |
| 2024 | billed_unmetered=Note 1; unbilled_metered=Note 1; total_annual_operating_cost=Note 2 | No extra compilation comment |
| 2025 | billed_unmetered=Note 1; unbilled_metered=Note 1; total_annual_operating_cost=Note 2 | No extra compilation comment |
Some older extra columns contain software labels rather than substantive comments. Full provenance preserves their original column positions. Download complete source-cell provenance.
Who governs this water system?
Independently documentedCounty Water District department; county Sole Commissioner
County site lists Water District as a department and identifies its director. Chattooga operates under a sole commissioner. Do not describe it as an independently elected utility board.
Official utility information · Governing body · Meetings and public documents
Unconfirmed: Water-specific governing meeting schedule and designated records custodian not independently confirmed.
Links checked October 14, 2026. Consult current posted meeting notices. Geographic location does not establish county government control.
Records that would explain the figures
The annual compilation does not include all underlying meter results, audit notes, repair records, contracts or engineering studies.
- How are 300 miles of mains, unchanged through the decade, verified?
Records: Complete annual audit workbooks, Comments and Notes, meter verification, and the current water-loss control program.
- What meter-testing and billing evidence supports the apparent-loss estimate?
Records: Input worksheets, pipe inventory, connection counts, and corresponding financial records.
- What funded steps will improve audit inputs and reduce actual leakage on the long network?
Records: Monthly water balances, leak and repair logs, meter tests, targets, budgets and annual progress reports.