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UTILITY PROFILE / CHATTOOGA

Chattooga County Water District

Chattooga County audit grouping. Ten-year reporting period: 2016–2025. Latest audit: 2025. Annual estimates help identify questions about infrastructure and spending.

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What the utility reported

In 2025, Chattooga County Water District supplied 375.1 million gallons and reported 163.3 million gallons lost, or 43.5% of supply. That equals 447,500 gallons per day.

145.2

million gallons of estimated physical leakage

18.183

million gallons of apparent losses

110.6

gallons of physical leakage / connection / day

Physical leakage changed -2.9% since 2024, +90.0% since 2020 and +34.0% since 2016. Total losses changed +1.4% in the latest year. Changes in meters, methods or audit boundaries can affect reported trends.

Reported by the utility / calculated from the audit 2025 EPD compilation, worksheet “2025 Water Audits ”, row 47. Definitions.

What deserves a closer look

A long network and limited audit documentation

The district reported 300 miles of main and 3,595 connections, or 12.0 connections per mile. Use both loss per mile and per connection when comparing a sparse network.

The data-validity score is 51 out of 100. It describes audit input documentation and checking, not 51% numerical accuracy. Request current pipe inventories, production-meter verification, customer meter tests and billing reconciliation.

Physical and apparent losses over time

Reported water losses, 2016–2025

Compare the total gallons with the two types of loss. An apparent-loss revision can also change the residual physical estimate.

Interactive chart loading. Exact annual values are available in the table below and the source downloads.

Source: Georgia EPD annual compilations, 2016–2025. Missing observations remain missing. Figures are audit estimates; changed methods and inputs can affect the trend.

Original annual water-balance values. MG means million gallons.
Audit yearSupplied (MG)Total loss (MG)Physical (MG)Apparent (MG)Loss / supplySource
2016305.25113.38108.315.0737.1%2016 EPD compilation, worksheet “2016”, row 48
2017315.39132.39121.7310.6642.0%2017 EPD compilation, worksheet “Sheet1”, row 48
2018318.59121.20109.7511.4638.0%2018 EPD compilation, worksheet “2018 Final”, row 47
2019320.76137.20126.5010.7042.8%2019 EPD compilation, worksheet “2019 Water Audits”, row 47
2020346.8291.1476.4114.7226.3%2020 EPD compilation, worksheet “Final Version”, row 46
2021362.54178.22167.6210.6049.2%2021 EPD compilation, worksheet “Final”, row 46
2022346.51142.12130.3711.7541.0%2022 EPD compilation, worksheet “Final”, row 46
2023353.39148.94137.1811.7542.1%2023 EPD compilation, worksheet “2023 Water Loss Audits”, row 45
2024362.46161.05149.4711.5844.4%2024 EPD compilation, worksheet “2024 Water Audits”, row 45
2025375.10163.34145.1518.1843.5%2025 EPD compilation, worksheet “2025 Water Audits ”, row 47

Compare more than one measure

A physical service connection is not necessarily one home or one bill. Main length, pressure, density and input quality differ across systems.

Where its water came from

Supply as reported, before/after applicable adjustments
2025 supply itemMillion gallons
Own sources365.681
Imported from other systems13.852
Exported to other systems4.438
Adjusted net water supplied375.095

Net supply accounts for exports and source-meter adjustments. Raw own-source and import values may not sum directly to adjusted supply. These audits cannot trace a particular leaked gallon to a particular source.

Produced, imported and exported water, 2016–2025

Interactive chart loading. Exact annual values are available in the table below and the source downloads.

Source: Georgia EPD annual compilations, 2016–2025. Missing observations remain missing. Figures are audit estimates; changed methods and inputs can affect the trend.

Where every 100 gallons went

Billed use, legitimate unbilled use, apparent losses and estimated physical leakage add up to supplied water. Firefighting and flushing mains are authorized uses.

Calculated from the selected audit. Physical leakage is the residual after authorized use and apparent losses, not a measurement of every leak. Non-revenue water also includes legitimate unbilled use.

Costs and infrastructure decisions

Valuations and input costs; nominal dollars as reported
2025 financial fieldReported value
Physical-loss valuation$111,663
Apparent-loss valuation$114,445
Total estimated loss valuation$226,109
Physical-loss valuation basisVPC
Variable production cost ($ / MG)$769
Retail charge ($ / 1,000 gallons)$6.29
Reported annual operating expenseNot reported

Physical leakage is typically valued at variable treatment, pumping and purchase costs. Apparent losses are usually valued at retail charges. The full valuation is not guaranteed savings. Project costs, fixed expenses and contract terms matter. Values are retained as filed; historical unit or basis changes limit comparison.

A loss-valuation/operating-expense ratio is withheld until the financial inputs and expense scope are reconciled. Dividing valuation by physical connections does not estimate an individual customer’s bill increase.

Reported physical and apparent loss valuations, 2016–2025

Interactive chart loading. Exact annual values are available in the table below and the source downloads.

Source: Georgia EPD annual compilations, 2016–2025. Missing observations remain missing. Figures are audit estimates; changed methods and inputs can affect the trend.

Source cost-input history
YearProduction cost ($/MG)Retail ($/1,000 gal)Operating expensePhysical valuationApparent valuation
2016263.546.10$1,465,074$660,666$30,935
2017358.996.11$953,341$43,699$65,135
2018472.868.21$738,267$51,894$94,080
2019466.636.29$1,320,135$59,031$67,308
2020454.105.26$1,515,891$34,698$77,449
2021302.196.29Not reported$50,653$66,652
2022508.7716.12Not reported$66,328$189,462
2023581.146.32Not reported$79,723$74,296
2024448.456.74Not reported$67,028$78,096
2025769.276.29Not reported$111,663$114,445

ILLUSTRATIVE SCENARIO

What would a leakage reduction avoid?

Test an assumed reduction and an independently chosen avoidable cost. These are hypothetical variable expenses before repair and program costs. No future rate reduction is predicted.

The default $1 is an illustration, not a utility cost estimate. Include incremental operating costs when assessing a real program. Fixed labor, debt and contracted purchase minimums may remain.

Data quality and system characteristics

Audit data validity, 2016–2025

A score documents input practices and checking. It is not a numerical accuracy percentage or a water-safety grade.

Interactive chart loading. Exact annual values are available in the table below and the source downloads.

Source: Georgia EPD annual compilations, 2016–2025. Missing observations remain missing. Figures are audit estimates; changed methods and inputs can affect the trend.

System characteristics and preserved audit flags
YearMains (mi)ConnectionsPressure (PSI)PopulationILI / applicabilitySoftwareSource flags
2016300.03,967657,3062.06 / TrueAWWA v5 layoutReal losses valued at retail rate (CRUC), not production cost, so its dollar loss is not comparable
2017300.03,343907,3061.74 / TrueAWWA v5 layoutData validity score below 50 (EPD guidance p.9 threshold)
2018300.03,494907,3061.56 / TrueAWWA v5 layoutNo cleaned-workbook flag
2019300.03,533907,8001.79 / TrueAWWA v5 layoutNo cleaned-workbook flag
2020300.03,410907,8001.09 / TrueAWWA v5 layoutNo cleaned-workbook flag
2021300.03,460907,8002.38 / TrueAWWA v6 layoutData validity score below 50 (EPD guidance p.9 threshold)
2022300.03,460907,8001.85 / TrueAWWA v6 layoutNo cleaned-workbook flag
2023300.03,527907,8001.94 / TrueAWWA v6 layoutNo cleaned-workbook flag
2024300.03,539907,8002.11 / TrueAWWA v6 layoutNo cleaned-workbook flag
2025300.03,595907,8002.04 / TrueAWWA v6 layoutNo cleaned-workbook flag

An unusual input warrants explanation, not automatic correction. The leakage index compares real losses with a theoretical reference based on pipes, connections and pressure. Respect applicability flags and inspect the underlying workbook before using it. How to evaluate audit quality.

Source footnotes and available audit comments
Comments preserved from the original compilation; not all underlying audit notes
YearSource footnotesAvailable compilation comments
2016billed_unmetered=Note 1; unbilled_metered=Note 1; rep_real_gal_conn_day=N/AVolume from own sources; Customer retail unit cost (applied to Apparent Losses); Variable production cost (applied to Real Losses); Chattooga County Worksheet 2015.xls
2017rep_real_gal_conn_day=N/AVolume from own sources; Billed metered; Customer metering inaccuracies
2018rep_real_gal_conn_day=N/AVolume from own sources; Billed metered; Customer metering inaccuracies
2019rep_real_gal_conn_day=N/AVolume from own sources; Billed metered; Customer metering inaccuracies
2020rep_real_gal_conn_day=N/AVolume from own sources; Billed metered; Customer metering inaccuracies
2021billed_unmetered=Note 1; unbilled_metered=Note 1; total_annual_operating_cost=Note 5Tier II (26-50); Volume from Own Sources (VOS); Customer Metering Inaccuracies (CMI); Length of Mains (Lm)
2022billed_unmetered=Note 1; unbilled_metered=Note 1; total_annual_operating_cost=Note 5No extra compilation comment
2023billed_unmetered=Note 1; unbilled_metered=Note 1; total_annual_operating_cost=Note 2No extra compilation comment
2024billed_unmetered=Note 1; unbilled_metered=Note 1; total_annual_operating_cost=Note 2No extra compilation comment
2025billed_unmetered=Note 1; unbilled_metered=Note 1; total_annual_operating_cost=Note 2No extra compilation comment

Some older extra columns contain software labels rather than substantive comments. Full provenance preserves their original column positions. Download complete source-cell provenance.

Who governs this water system?

Independently documented

County Water District department; county Sole Commissioner

County site lists Water District as a department and identifies its director. Chattooga operates under a sole commissioner. Do not describe it as an independently elected utility board.

Official utility information · Governing body · Meetings and public documents

Unconfirmed: Water-specific governing meeting schedule and designated records custodian not independently confirmed.

Links checked October 14, 2026. Consult current posted meeting notices. Geographic location does not establish county government control.

Records that would explain the figures

The annual compilation does not include all underlying meter results, audit notes, repair records, contracts or engineering studies.

  1. How are 300 miles of mains, unchanged through the decade, verified?

    Records: Complete annual audit workbooks, Comments and Notes, meter verification, and the current water-loss control program.

  2. What meter-testing and billing evidence supports the apparent-loss estimate?

    Records: Input worksheets, pipe inventory, connection counts, and corresponding financial records.

  3. What funded steps will improve audit inputs and reduce actual leakage on the long network?

    Records: Monthly water balances, leak and repair logs, meter tests, targets, budgets and annual progress reports.

Records worth requesting Officials’ oversight checklist