million gallons of estimated physical leakage
UTILITY PROFILE / CATOOSA
Fort Oglethorpe
Catoosa County audit grouping. Ten-year reporting period: 2016–2025. Latest audit: 2025. Annual estimates help identify questions about infrastructure and spending.
What the utility reported
In 2025, Fort Oglethorpe supplied 301.1 million gallons and reported 108.8 million gallons lost, or 36.1% of supply. That equals 298,001 gallons per day.
million gallons of apparent losses
gallons of physical leakage / connection / day
Physical leakage changed -6.4% since 2024, -1.9% since 2020 and -13.8% since 2016. Total losses changed -6.4% in the latest year. Changes in meters, methods or audit boundaries can affect reported trends.
Reported by the utility / calculated from the audit 2025 EPD compilation, worksheet “2025 Water Audits ”, row 93. Definitions.
What deserves a closer look
Purchased water has contract costs
Fort Oglethorpe reported 301.1 million gallons imported and 107.8 million gallons of physical leakage in 2025. Its audit reports no water from own sources.
Independently documentedThe city’s 2025 audited financial statements say it purchases virtually all treated water from Tennessee-American Water Company. Supplier identification is independently documented; annual audit imported gallons still represent the audit quantity. The financial report describes a 273,750,000-gallon annual take-or-pay minimum. Obtain the executed contract and amendments before estimating avoidable purchase expense; reducing leakage below a purchase minimum may not immediately reduce wholesale expense.
City’s 2025 financial report, printed page 60 (PDF page 70). The operating/contract narrative is in a supplemental statistical section labeled unaudited.
Check source-meter accuracy and historical production-cost units. Some early cost inputs differ by roughly a factor of 1,000 from later entries, so historical dollar comparisons need review.
Physical and apparent losses over time
Reported water losses, 2016–2025
Compare the total gallons with the two types of loss. An apparent-loss revision can also change the residual physical estimate.
Interactive chart loading. Exact annual values are available in the table below and the source downloads.
Source: Georgia EPD annual compilations, 2016–2025. Missing observations remain missing. Figures are audit estimates; changed methods and inputs can affect the trend.
| Audit year | Supplied (MG) | Total loss (MG) | Physical (MG) | Apparent (MG) | Loss / supply | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 332.60 | 130.44 | 125.07 | 5.37 | 39.2% | 2016 EPD compilation, worksheet “2016”, row 94 |
| 2017 | 307.50 | 110.65 | 105.46 | 5.19 | 36.0% | 2017 EPD compilation, worksheet “Sheet1”, row 95 |
| 2018 | 303.00 | 108.21 | 103.08 | 5.13 | 35.7% | 2018 EPD compilation, worksheet “2018 Final”, row 96 |
| 2019 | 283.26 | 81.72 | 80.52 | 1.20 | 28.9% | 2019 EPD compilation, worksheet “2019 Water Audits”, row 96 |
| 2020 | 307.00 | 111.16 | 109.92 | 1.25 | 36.2% | 2020 EPD compilation, worksheet “Final Version”, row 94 |
| 2021 | 290.60 | 175.84 | 174.84 | 1.00 | 60.5% | 2021 EPD compilation, worksheet “Final”, row 95 |
| 2022 | 289.17 | 94.90 | 93.70 | 1.20 | 32.8% | 2022 EPD compilation, worksheet “Final”, row 96 |
| 2023 | 239.99 | 51.45 | 50.51 | 0.94 | 21.4% | 2023 EPD compilation, worksheet “2023 Water Loss Audits”, row 94 |
| 2024 | 307.58 | 116.17 | 115.21 | 0.95 | 37.8% | 2024 EPD compilation, worksheet “2024 Water Audits”, row 92 |
| 2025 | 301.06 | 108.77 | 107.81 | 0.96 | 36.1% | 2025 EPD compilation, worksheet “2025 Water Audits ”, row 93 |
Compare more than one measure
A physical service connection is not necessarily one home or one bill. Main length, pressure, density and input quality differ across systems.
Where its water came from
| 2025 supply item | Million gallons |
|---|---|
| Own sources | Not reported |
| Imported from other systems | 301.065 |
| Exported to other systems | Not reported |
| Adjusted net water supplied | 301.065 |
Net supply accounts for exports and source-meter adjustments. Raw own-source and import values may not sum directly to adjusted supply. These audits cannot trace a particular leaked gallon to a particular source.
Produced, imported and exported water, 2016–2025
Interactive chart loading. Exact annual values are available in the table below and the source downloads.
Source: Georgia EPD annual compilations, 2016–2025. Missing observations remain missing. Figures are audit estimates; changed methods and inputs can affect the trend.
Where every 100 gallons went
Billed use, legitimate unbilled use, apparent losses and estimated physical leakage add up to supplied water. Firefighting and flushing mains are authorized uses.
Calculated from the selected audit. Physical leakage is the residual after authorized use and apparent losses, not a measurement of every leak. Non-revenue water also includes legitimate unbilled use.
Costs and infrastructure decisions
| 2025 financial field | Reported value |
|---|---|
| Physical-loss valuation | $212,938 |
| Apparent-loss valuation | $7,970 |
| Total estimated loss valuation | $220,908 |
| Physical-loss valuation basis | VPC |
| Variable production cost ($ / MG) | $1,975 |
| Retail charge ($ / 1,000 gallons) | $8.31 |
| Reported annual operating expense | $1,856,030 |
Physical leakage is typically valued at variable treatment, pumping and purchase costs. Apparent losses are usually valued at retail charges. The full valuation is not guaranteed savings. Project costs, fixed expenses and contract terms matter. Values are retained as filed; historical unit or basis changes limit comparison.
A loss-valuation/operating-expense ratio is withheld until the financial inputs and expense scope are reconciled. Dividing valuation by physical connections does not estimate an individual customer’s bill increase.
Reported physical and apparent loss valuations, 2016–2025
Interactive chart loading. Exact annual values are available in the table below and the source downloads.
Source: Georgia EPD annual compilations, 2016–2025. Missing observations remain missing. Figures are audit estimates; changed methods and inputs can affect the trend.
| Year | Production cost ($/MG) | Retail ($/1,000 gal) | Operating expense | Physical valuation | Apparent valuation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 1.58 | 7.57 | $1,407,175 | $946,774 | $40,631 |
| 2017 | 1.59 | 7.88 | $1,407,175 | $831,027 | $40,897 |
| 2018 | 1.62 | 7.83 | $1,717,121 | $807,113 | $40,191 |
| 2019 | 1.61 | 7.98 | $1,446,693 | $130 | $9,601 |
| 2020 | 1.53 | 7.86 | $1,402,028 | $168 | $9,805 |
| 2021 | 2.34 | 8.06 | $1,413,462 | $409 | $8,095 |
| 2022 | 1,826.96 | 8.35 | $1,426,364 | $782,368 | $10,017 |
| 2023 | 2,250.30 | 0.10 | $1,491,244 | $113,673 | $9,497 |
| 2024 | 1,914.27 | 8.30 | $1,822,262 | $220,553 | $7,924 |
| 2025 | 1,975.10 | 8.31 | $1,856,030 | $212,938 | $7,970 |
ILLUSTRATIVE SCENARIO
What would a leakage reduction avoid?
Test an assumed reduction and an independently chosen avoidable cost. These are hypothetical variable expenses before repair and program costs. No future rate reduction is predicted.
The default $1 is an illustration, not a utility cost estimate. Include incremental operating costs when assessing a real program. Fixed labor, debt and contracted purchase minimums may remain. Fort Oglethorpe: its published financial report describes a take-or-pay purchase minimum; inspect the executed contract before treating reduced leakage as avoided purchase expense.
Data quality and system characteristics
Audit data validity, 2016–2025
A score documents input practices and checking. It is not a numerical accuracy percentage or a water-safety grade.
Interactive chart loading. Exact annual values are available in the table below and the source downloads.
Source: Georgia EPD annual compilations, 2016–2025. Missing observations remain missing. Figures are audit estimates; changed methods and inputs can affect the trend.
| Year | Mains (mi) | Connections | Pressure (PSI) | Population | ILI / applicability | Software | Source flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 38.0 | 3,042 | 105 | 9,446 | 4.93 / True | AWWA v5 layout | Real losses valued at retail rate (CRUC), not production cost, so its dollar loss is not comparable |
| 2017 | 38.0 | 3,213 | 110 | 9,446 | 3.82 / True | AWWA v5 layout | Real losses valued at retail rate (CRUC), not production cost, so its dollar loss is not comparable |
| 2018 | 38.0 | 3,242 | 110 | 9,446 | 3.71 / True | AWWA v5 layout | Real losses valued at retail rate (CRUC), not production cost, so its dollar loss is not comparable |
| 2019 | 38.0 | 3,240 | 110 | 7,909 | 2.90 / True | AWWA v5 layout | No cleaned-workbook flag |
| 2020 | 38.0 | 3,144 | 110 | 7,909 | 4.04 / True | AWWA v5 layout | No cleaned-workbook flag |
| 2021 | 38.0 | 3,107 | 110 | 7,909 | 6.48 / True | AWWA v6 layout | No cleaned-workbook flag |
| 2022 | 38.0 | 3,055 | 110 | 7,909 | 3.52 / True | AWWA v6 layout | Real losses valued at retail rate (CRUC), not production cost, so its dollar loss is not comparable |
| 2023 | 38.0 | 3,057 | 110 | 10,531 | 1.89 / True | AWWA v6 layout | Data validity score below 50 (EPD guidance p.9 threshold) |
| 2024 | 38.0 | 3,087 | 110 | 8,026 | 4.29 / True | AWWA v6 layout | No cleaned-workbook flag |
| 2025 | 38.0 | 3,097 | 110 | 8,313 | 4.01 / True | AWWA v6 layout | No cleaned-workbook flag |
An unusual input warrants explanation, not automatic correction. The leakage index compares real losses with a theoretical reference based on pipes, connections and pressure. Respect applicability flags and inspect the underlying workbook before using it. How to evaluate audit quality.
Source footnotes and available audit comments
| Year | Source footnotes | Available compilation comments |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | rep_real_gal_mile_day=N/A | Billed metered; Billed unmetered; Customer metering inaccuracies; n/a; n/a; n/a; n/a; n/a; n/a; QWLA: Sherri L Walker #0111 The City of Ft. Oglethorpe is a purchased water system. The system maintains no pumps and treats no water. All water is imported from Tennessee American Water Company. Interviewed: Michael Housley - Plant Manager; Fort Oglethorpe Water Audit 2015.xls |
| 2017 | rep_real_gal_mile_day=N/A | Billed metered; Billed unmetered; Customer metering inaccuracies |
| 2018 | billed_unmetered=Note 1; rep_real_gal_mile_day=N/A | Billed metered; Customer metering inaccuracies; Unauthorized consumption |
| 2019 | rep_real_gal_mile_day=N/A | Billed metered; Customer metering inaccuracies; Unauthorized consumption |
| 2020 | vol_own_sources=Note 1; water_exported=Note 1; billed_unmetered=Note 1; unbilled_metered=Note 1; rep_real_gal_mile_day=N/A | Billed metered; Customer metering inaccuracies; Unauthorized consumption |
| 2021 | vol_own_sources=Note 1; water_exported=Note 1; billed_unmetered=Note 1; unbilled_metered=Note 1 | Level IV (75-90); Billed metered; Customer metering inaccuracies; Unauthorized consumption |
| 2022 | vol_own_sources=Note 1; water_exported=Note 1; billed_unmetered=Note 1; unbilled_metered=Note 1; nrw_volume_2=Note 6 | No extra compilation comment |
| 2023 | vol_own_sources=Note 1; water_exported=Note 1; billed_unmetered=Note 1; unbilled_metered=Note 1 | No extra compilation comment |
| 2024 | vol_own_sources=Note 1; water_exported=Note 1; billed_unmetered=Note 1; unbilled_metered=Note 1 | No extra compilation comment |
| 2025 | vol_own_sources=Note 1; water_exported=Note 1; billed_unmetered=Note 1; unbilled_metered=Note 1 | No extra compilation comment |
Some older extra columns contain software labels rather than substantive comments. Full provenance preserves their original column positions. Download complete source-cell provenance.
Who governs this water system?
Independently documentedCity utility; Mayor and City Council
The city council is the governing authority. Published regular meetings: second and fourth Mondays at 6 p.m. Council page links agendas and recordings.
Official utility information · Governing body · Meetings and public documents
Links checked October 14, 2026. Consult current posted meeting notices. Geographic location does not establish county government control.
Records that would explain the figures
The annual compilation does not include all underlying meter results, audit notes, repair records, contracts or engineering studies.
- Are the earlier production-cost values in a different unit than the later entries?
Records: Complete annual audit workbooks, Comments and Notes, meter verification, and the current water-loss control program.
- What explains the low 2023 loss estimate and subsequent rebound?
Records: Input worksheets, pipe inventory, connection counts, and corresponding financial records.
- How are monthly wholesale meter volumes reconciled with customer consumption?
Records: Monthly water balances, leak and repair logs, meter tests, targets, budgets and annual progress reports.